is a calcium carbonate mineral (like limestone) that comes from seashells, such as oyster shell. It is used in lieu of lime in situations where the soil is already high in magnesium, and where dolomite (high magnesium limestone) is the only liming material available. Aragonite has approximately 94-97 percent of the neutralizing value of CaCO3. Applications should be made in accordance with a soil test. Aragonite is also used to protect newly planted bulbs from damage caused by moles, mice, chipmunks, and squirrels. Aragonite is used as a soil conditioner and feed suppliment and is not registered as a fertilizer.

Aragonite is also used as a feed ingredient for chickens. The coarse grade is preferred for layers and the finer grade is fed to broilers.

The aragonite is comprised of a variety of mollusks, gathered from the ocean floor, and contains no more than 15% oyster shell. The mollusks are pulverized by the ocean's waves, the debris settles on the ocean floor and then is harvested. Determining the exact percentage of oyster shell in aragonite is impossible.  (Back to List)

is a simple to use, natural mined mineral product. It requires no mixing or special equipment. it is odorless and won't restrict aeration or water penetration. Unlike some products, Azomite is not a manufactured, chemically prepared fertilizer. It is 100% natural with no additives or fillers.

Azomite trace mineral fertilizer is a complex of naturally occurring minerals which contains essential elements (micro-nutrients) for plant growth. Fertilization with Azomite adds some of the required mineral balance for the growth of common soil flora and fauna vital to overall productivity. Continuous plant propagation and the leaching effects of water may deplete essential minerals and micro-nutrients from soils. Azomite can improve soils that have been depleted of these important minerals and micronutrients. It can also supplement soil that are inherently deficient of these vital mineral concentrations.

Azomite is a natural source of trace elements for both animals and the soil. It is a hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate derived from a natural volcanic mineral deposit. Azomite is added to compost or other fertilizer material and spread at the rate of 300 to 600 pounds per acre and either lightly disked into the soil surface of applied in the row when planting. For gardens, spread ¼ to 2 pounds per 10 ft2 and spade into the soil. Use 1 teaspoon or 1 cup in watering can quarterly for house plants. In feed rations, 1-2 percent (do not exceed 2 percent) of the feed mixture and mix thoroughly with feed.

Azomite is packaged in 44-pound bags.  (Back to List)

is a dry, water-soluble plant growth bio-stimulant with beneficial (nitrogen fixing, hormone producing, and phosphorus dissolving) bacteria. Bio-Magic contains proven growth promoting substances, including humic extracts (humic acid), cold water sea kelp extract, essential amino acids, vitamins (B-complex and K), root growth factors, and sugars. Bio-Magic is used to promote growth and reduce stress in all types of plants.

BIO-MAGIC INGREDIENTS
Humic acid is the most biologically active component of soil humus. In soil, humic acids reduce leaching of essential plant nutrients by chelating (organically bonding) them in the root zone. They also serve as an important carbon based food source from microorganisms vital to soil dynamics, and have a buffering effect on soil pH shifts brought about by natural and artificial factors. In plants, humic acids affect the permeability of cell wall membranes in roots, allowing more rapid absorption of nutrients essential to plant health. They also have been shown to improve plant respiration, photosynthesis, and root growth.

Cold water sea kelp (Ascophylum nodosum) contains high levels of cytokinins, which are plant growth hormones normally synthesized in plant roots. Cytokinins are known to promote cell division and lateral bud development as well as delay the aging process of plant tissue. Under stress conditions (heat, drought, etc.), cytokinin production in plants is severely limited, so the application of seaweed containing cytokinins can stimulate new root and bud development.

Sucrose serves as an energy source for plants and soil microorganisms. B-complex and K vitamins are important catalysts to enzymes enhancing and driving plant growth metabolism.

Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins and are also essential for plant metabolism. Bio-Magic contains a complex of eighteen (18) amino acids.

Proprietary beneficial bacteria in Bio-Magic include a nitrogen-fixing bacillus that makes atmospheric nitrogen available to plants, a phosphorus-dissolving bacillus that increases the availability of insoluble phosphorus in the soil, and a growth hormone-producing bacillus that stimulates root growth.
Bio-Magic:
· Improves water and nutrient uptake;
· Promotes root re-growth after disease and insect damage;
· Reduces stress from heat, drought, and transplanting; and
· Stimulates beneficial microbial activity in the soil and on roots.

THE BIO-MAGIC ADVANTAGE
Bio-Magic is a complete bio-stimulant and beneficial bacteria package that can be:
· Used in root zone injection applications on established trees and shrubs to stimulate root growth and nutrient absorption, and aid in stress recovery;
· Applied to newly laid sod to enhance root regeneration and help knit down quickly;
· Used in hydro-seeding or any other seeding operation to get fast germination and establishment; and
· Applied to new plantings to reduce transplant shock.

NOTE: Once Bio-Magic is rehydrated, it cannot be stored for more than a few hours.

COVERAGE: One pound of Bio-Magic covers up to 32,000 ft2 or ¾ acre. For general use, mix one pre-measured scoop (enclosed in each jar) with one gallon of water. See also Tree Fertilizing with Liquids   (Back to Liquid list) (Back to Fertilizer list)

Bone Char

is considered the one of the best natural source of phosphorus because, unlike Rock phosphate or Colloidal Rock phosphate, it breaks down more rapidly by soil and microbial activity. Bone Meal also contains calcium and some trace minerals. It is an excellent supplement for lessening transplant shock and promoting healthy and extensive root systems.

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is a finely ground then pelletized calcite lime that contains 35 percent calcium (49 percent calcium oxide, 87.5 percent calcium carbonate) and only 0.25 percent magnesium (0.42 percent magnesium oxide, 0.87 percent magnesium carbonate). 98 percent passes through a 20-mesh screen and 75 percent passes through a 100-mesh screen.  

application rates:

Lbs/Acre.. Lbs/1000 SqFt ..Lbs/100 SqFt

2000 ................50......................... 5.0

1000............... 25........................ 2.5

500.................12.5.......................1.3
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(NaNO3), also known as Natural Nitrate of Soda (NNS), is a mined product from a desert in Northern Chile, which is the only known deposit of this mineral salt in the world. NNS has an analysis of 16-0-0 and is considered soluble. NNS is commonly used in New England and elsewhere on organic farms as a form of nitrogen that is available to plants in cold soils. The microbial activity needed to mineralize natural organic nitrogen (protein) is suppressed during those times of the year when the soil is cold.

The sodium (Na) content of sodic soils makes NNS incompatible in arid and semiarid regions. It contains 26 percent Na. Na, in small quantities, does not cause damage to the soil ecosystem. Plants can use this element, and it is an essential nutrient for most animals and other organisms. The nitrate is used directly by the plant and does not need to be biologically processed. However, microorganisms will also use this source of nitrogen for the production of protein and amino acids. Applying NNS along with an organic amendment (such as cocoa meal, peanut meal or compost) will increase the efficiency of both products. NNS should not be relied upon as a sole source of N.  (Back to List)

The breakdown of organic material by natural bacteria is the cornerstone of a healthy soil. The soil's life cycle includes decay as an essential part of vegetative reproduction. Compost Life is composed of a broad variety of bacteria that, when exposed to organic matter, speed up and provide a more complete decomposition into valuable compost rich in humus and plant nutrient. Compost Life is excellent for accelerating the decomposition of leaves and other high carbon low nitrogen organic wastes. Compost Life uses several different organic carriers for these specially selected strains of bacteria, providing a natural and nutritious base for their existence prior to being introduced to the compost pile. These bacteria reproduce rapidly under favorable conditions (i.e., proper levels of air, moisture, and carbon/nitrogen ratio), producing heat that kills weed seeds, parasites, and pathogens. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for compost life are not available or needed because the natural occurring bacteria used are innocuous and are exempt from EPA registration. Use 1# per 12.5 cubic feet of compost. If a customer needs small quantities of Compost Life, please refer them to The Gardener's Supply Company, a mail order company in Burlington, VT (800/863-1700), for the Brown Leaf Activator or the Super Hot.

Important conditions to regulate when using Compost Life are:

1. MOISTURE: It is important that raw materials used in composting are not too dry or too wet. 60 percent moisture content is ideal for bacteria to work actively. If a pile is too dry from materials such as dry leaves, straw, or hay, water should be added until the consistency of the pile is apparently moist but not dripping wet. You should not be able to squeeze water out of any material. It may be necessary to shred raw material in order to reduce the particle size and increase its surface area. Piles that are too wet from materials such as liquid manure or food wastes cannot get enough oxygen for the bacteria to survive. These piles turn anaerobic and produce unpleasant odors. Adding absorbent organic wastes, such as dry soil, dry leaves, straw, or hay, can help balance the moisture level. Frequent aeration is necessary in piles such as these.

2. OXYGEN: It is very important that aerobic decaying bacteria receive oxygen. They cannot survive without it. A compost pile must be turned and aerated 2-10 times (depending on climate, temperature and rainfall) for proper composting to occur. The initial aeration should occur when all the raw materials are combined and Compost Life is added. With proper mass, the pile temperatures should reach 130-165o F within 12-24 hours time. The pile should be turned several more times at 1-2 week intervals to reoxygenate the entire mass and to reheat the extremities of the pile that were not subjected to the initial heating.

3. MASS: A compost pile must be big enough to heat up but not too big that its own weight squeezes out all of the oxygen. A proper pile should be approximately 3-5 feet wide at the base and no more than 4-5 feet high. If large quantities of wastes are to be composted, windrows are recommended.  (Back to Liquids list) (Back to Fertlizer list)

is the shells and offal from coastal water blue crabs. These crabs are harvested from Maine to Mexico. Crab Meal is a waste by-product of the crab meat industry. The crab remains are gathered, ground, and dried to stabilize decomposition. Crab Meal contains significant levels of a protein called chitin (pronounced ky'tin). This protein not only provides slow-release nitrogen, but also suppresses pest nematode activity. Crab Meal has a 5-2-0.5 analysis and also contains 15 percent calcium.

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like blood meal, assays to about 12 percent nitrogen, but it is derived from a very different form of protein Keratin, a protein that occurs in hair, hoofs, horns and feathers, is very indigestible when fed to animals as protein or introduced to the soil as fertilizer. The structure of keratin is very tight and not easily broken down by soil bacteria. This attribute makes feathers an excellent long-term source of nitrogen but not appropriate for the plant's immediate needs. Many companies provide preliminary hydrolysis (i.e. decomposition) of feathers by autoclaving, a process that cooks the feathers with steam and pressure. This step requires energy and raises the cost, while providing a disproportionate improvement in nitrogen availability. The microorganisms that seem to be most adept at degrading feathers are often found in the bird's manure. Therefore, a mixture of feathers and manure (from the same birds) will improve availability without increasing costs significantly. This practice would only be appropriate for farmers situated on or near feather producing operations. As processes are developed that make feathers a more available nitrogen source, the costs will continue to rise; not only from the expense of the process, but also because the product becomes more attractive to the feed market as a digestible source of protein.  (Back to List)

Jersey Greensand, so-called from its only known place of origin, New Jersey, was deposited millions of years ago when the Garden State was still under water. It is mined primarily for water purification purposes but increasingly more and more people in agriculture and horticulture are requesting it for the soil.

Benefits from Greensand are for the most part unexplainable. If you brought some into an ag science lab and asked for an analysis, they would most likely tell you the product is worthless. However, numerous greenhouse trials show that there is a lot more to it than what you would read on a lab report. Organic growers have, for years, extolled the virtues of Greensand without really knowing how or why it has improved their crops.

One possible explanation is mineralization. Studies have shown that mineralizing soil can improve the taste, color, nutritional value and health of various plants as well as the overall health of the soil. Mineralization also improves soil life by increasing populations of certain bacteria that can slowly dissolve insoluble mineral nutrients. Those bacteria eventually cycle themselves into organic matter that further increases populations of many other varieties of beneficial microorganisms.

Greensand has the consistency of sand with a density of approximately 90# per cubic foot (very heavy). It flows like sand and can be applied through any type of spreader, seeder or drill. It can hold one-third its weight in water and has the ability to open tight soils and bind loose soils.

Application rates vary depending on soil conditions and intended use. As a soil conditioner, applications of 25#/1000 ft2 (or 1000#/acre) are recommended. To correct potash deficient soils, anywhere from 20# to 100#/1000 ft2 (or 800# to 4000#/acre) would be applied, depending on the extent of the deficiency.

NOTE: Greensand is a slow release insoluble source of potash and trace elements. If there is an immediate need for available potash, it is suggested that Greensand Plus (a combination of Greensand and Natural Sulfate of Potash with 17 percent soluble potash) or Natural Sulfate of Potash (contains 52 percent soluble potash) be used.  (Back to List)

Application rates: 75lbs per acre (250 lbs/acre first time for soils with low humus levels. 3-4 times during the growing season, will help strengthen soil structure by bindinparticles together, enabling increased aeration and root penetration. They will also increase the cation exchange capacity of the soil, and increase the nutrient-andwater-holding capacity and directly stimulate plant root and top growth, increasing yields and food quality. (Back to List)

is a natural fertilizer that contains no phosphates. The environmental protection agencies in some States are campaigning against the use of phosphates in fertilizers to reduce the amount of runoff into streams and lakes. Excess phosphates in waterways can cause eutrophication. Natural phophates don’t pose much of a runoff problem but we have created this blend to show our support for the effort of these agencies. Natural No-Phos 6-0-6 is made from granite meal, aragonite, natural sulfate of potash, natural nitrate of soda, and feather meal. Four of the six percent nitrogen is water insoluble. Use 16-17 lbs. per 1000 ft2 for lawns, vegetables, flowers, trees, or shrubs. One 50-lb. bag covers 3000 ft2.  (Back to List)

 Pro-Gro 5-3-4 is North Country Organics' premium general-purpose fertilizer that excels in every application. Pro-Gro 5-3-4 is a high nutrient blend of natural ingredients that plants and trees respond to with rapid and sustained growth, making it the most popular blend of nurserymen, landscapers, fruit and vegetable growers, and farmers.
ON LAWNS: Our lawn maintenance customers experience spectacular results with as little as two applications per year. This spring and fall combination builds thick and invasive root systems and healthy soils which naturally crowd out many weeds, while cultivating beneficial microorganisms that can decompose thatch and control harmful insects and diseases. Pro-Gro 5-3-4 is the fertilizer of choice for the Vermont State House lawn and gardens and for ANY professional lawn care expert who has tried it. Our free Professional Turf Care Program explains the use of Pro-Gro 5-3-4, Pro-Start 2-3-3, and Pro-Booster 10-0-0 along with tips on improved cultural practices.
ON TREES: Nurserymen and orchardists have a hard time explaining why a relatively low analysis organic fertilizer grows their trees faster and healthier than anything they've ever used before. They have begun to accept the notion that when the soil is nourished adequately, plants respond with a natural health and vigor that out-paces conventional methods of feeding. Without exception, it is the fertilizer of choice for anyone who has tried it on young trees.
ON VEGETABLES AND SMALL FRUIT: Any growing plant produces better in healthy soils, no matter what kind or how much nutrient it is fed. Pro-Gro 5-3-4 pays attention primarily to the needs of the soil, providing the ideal conditions for productive crops. Ash tests suggest that organically fed food crops have a higher mineral content and lower nitrate content-making them more nutritious, better tasting, and giving them a better shelf life. Vegetables grown with Pro-Gro 5-3-4 are spoon fed the nutrient they need when they need it. Vegetable growers all around New England comment to us about the quality, color and yields they get from using Pro-Gro 5-3-4.
ON FARM FIELDS: Our farm customers have commented to us that after every year of using Pro-Gro 5-3-4 their fields look thicker and yield better than ever before. They also notice that their soil is darker, richer and alive with earthworms (and much more that they cannot see). Why, they ask, am I getting so much from a fertilizer with an analysis that is one third of what I used to use? The answer is that 5-3-4, 15-8-12 or 20-20-20 mean relatively little when you are feeding the soil. Those numbers refer to plant nutrients, not soil nutrients. When you feed the soil it responds with life in the form of microorganisms. A handful of healthy soil contains more microorganisms than there are people on earth, each of which has a function that provides immeasurable benefit to the farmer. The 5-3-4 on the label can't even hint at the beneficial chain reaction that occurs when you begin to work with Mother Nature as opposed to against her.
ON LANDSCAPE APPLICATIONS: Although Pro-Gro 5-3-4 is normally recommended for landscape maintenance, many of our landscape customers use it for installations as well. Its slow release, non-burning formula increases the quality of the job long after the landscaper has left the site. For maintenance contracts, Pro-Gro 5-3-4 is unmatched in its ability to push lush green growth on trees, shrubs and lawns. Perennial and annual flowers grow stronger and with more blossoms with Pro-Gro 5-3-4. Because so many landscapers are using Pro-Gro 5-3-4, Pro-Booster 10-0-0, and Pro-Start 2-3-3 fertilizers, that category of customer is our largest. Whether it is used in gardens, lawns, orchards, nurseries or fields, Pro-Gro 5-3-4 improves the yield and quality of anything that grows.
This product is blended from the following list of natural ingredients:
Natural Sulfate of Potash, Phosphate Rock, Colloidal Phosphate, Oyster Meal, Kelpmeal, Greensand, Natural Sulfate of Potash/Magnesia, Vegetable Protein Meals, Animal Protein Meals, Natural Nitrate of Soda, Compost, and Dried Whey. The density of Pro-Gro 5-3-4 is 50# per cubic foot. (Back to List)

Pro-Start 2-3-3 was originally designed as a winterizing blend for lawns and grass hay fields. However, over the years it has proved to be an excellent choice for root crops, legume vegetables, perennials, flowering shrubs, mature fruit trees, legume hays (as a summer topdress), and especially as a starter fertilizer for any kind of seed. Many of our landscape customers use Pro-Start 2-3-3 exclusively for all of their new installations.
ON LAWNS: As a winterizer, Pro-Start 2-3-3 builds a thick and invasive root system filled with nutrient to last the winter and come up healthy and lush in the spring. A greater root system in lawns creates more than just a thicker sod that naturally has a competitive edge over weeds. It also increases the lawn's feeding efficiency and the percent of organic matter in the soil. As the efficiency of nutrient use increases, the need for fertilizer decreases. As the organic matter increases, so does the nutrient and water holding capacity of the soil, along with a significant increase in biological activity. When populations of microorganisms are enhanced (the vast majority being beneficial) their activities create an endless list of benefits, including:
· Nitrogen fixation;
· Mobilization of normally unavailable nutrients;
· The dissolving of normally insoluble nutrients;
· Aeration of the soil; and
· Insect and disease control.
Pro-Start 2-3-3 is the fall lawn fertilizer of choice by ALL professionals who have tried it.
ON VEGETABLES: Pro-Start 2-3-3 is especially suited for root crops such as potatoes and carrots, and legumes like peas and beans. It boosts the size and quantity of root vegetables just as it enhances the root systems in lawns. Legumes that fix their own nitrogen respond to Pro-Start 2-3-3 with strong stalks and increased flowering for excellent production and quality. Commercial growers from all over New England have raved about Pro-Start's ability to produce peas, potatoes, carrots, beets, beans and onions. Recently, it has been pointed out to us that eggplants, tomatoes, peppers and other crops that blossom are also very responsive to Pro-Start 2-3-3. Clearly it is the only choice for the serious commercial grower.
ON PERENNIALS: Professional perennial growers are equally divided on which of our two blends, Pro-Gro 5-3-4 or Pro-Start 2-3-3, is better for their flowers. There really is no sure way to tell, but tests in our perennial plots lean slightly toward Pro-Start 2-3-3 as the better choice. Although we would never try to persuade anyone who is happy with Pro-Gro 5-3-4 to switch, we seemed to get a greater number of blossoms and slightly shorter, stronger stalks with Pro-Start 2-3-3. Either one is a wise choice for perennial production.
ON LANDSCAPE APPLICATIONS: Some of our landscape customers insist that Pro-Start 2-3-3 is the only way to go for new installations. Its ability to enhance root systems in any kind of plant lowers mortality rate and shortens that transition period when plants are so susceptible to stress.
Pro-Start 2-3-3 is the landscaper's forgotten friend. After the installation is done, it nurtures the plant into quick recovery from transplant shock and adaptation into its new environment. Then its slow release feature continues to enhance the plants' health and vitality, adding more credit for quality work long after the landscaper has left the job. Its non-burning formula puts managers at ease at times when they are unable to supervise inexperienced help. Landscapers who use Pro-Start 2-3-3 for new plantings are the first to proclaim that it's the only logical choice.
ON ORNAMENTAL AND MATURE FRUIT TREES: Because most blossoming trees create their sets the year before they flower, it is important to use a natural slow release source of all the essential nutrients. If too much plant food is available at any one time, the tree will direct its energy toward new wood growth and thick foliage, significantly reducing the number of flower sets. The big advantage to using Pro-Start 2-3-3 is that its primary purpose is to feed the soil and let nature make the necessary nutrient available at the appropriate time and rate. Because of extremely variable weather and soil conditions, which no one is able to predict, conventional fertilization can never completely address the trees' needs. Pro-Start 2-3-3 relinquishes control of how and when to release nutrient to nature. The timing and rate of release then vary naturally according to the changing conditions. Its the only bloomin' way to go.
ON NEW SEEDINGS AND TRANSPLANTS: Starting plants is this product's namesake. There is no substitute for Pro-Start 2-3-3 when it comes to starting seeds or young transplants. Whether it is fruit, vegetables, flowers, perennials, forage or nursery stock, no other fertilizer can compare to the gentle, natural way Pro-Start 2-3-3 persuades a plant to grow.
Pro-Start 2-3-3 is recommended over Pro-Gro 5-3-4 for incorporation into potting soil. For mixing with potting soil, thoroughly mix 17.75oz /ft3 of potting soil or 30#/yd3 (a cubic yard weighs ~1,000# when moistened).  (Back to List)

is a granular, designer fertilizer made specifically for turf. The objective of Nature's Turf 8-1-9 is to provide nutrients to turf plants in the most efficient manner possible, and the best way to accomplish that is to enliven and enrich the biological activity in the soil. More and more researchers, scientists, and turf managers are beginning to recognize the awesome value of a biologically active soil. Soil organisms are responsible for so many functions that directly benefit turf. Almost all of the nutrients utilized by plants-especially those obscure but essential elements that are not normally added to conventional fertilizer-are made available to plants by soil organisms. One of the most important and essential nutrients for all plants is carbon dioxide, which would not be available in ample quantities if it weren't for the work of soil organisms. All the proteins and carbohydrates manufactured by photosynthesis are built upon a base of carbon supplied by carbon dioxide. Saprophytic organisms in the soil produce carbon dioxide as they consume organic residues.

Many soil organisms are responsible, both directly and indirectly, for suppressing a large number of turfgrass diseases, not to mention phytopathogenic nematodes and some herbivorous insects. Many disease pathogens, in fact, exist as saprophytic organisms feeding on organic residues in the soil. It isn't until those residues are depleted that they become parasitic and cause plant disease. Maintaining resources for soil organisms is always in the best interest of the turf manager. Other benefits of a biologically active soil include soil aggregation, thatch reduction, more efficient release of available plant nutrients, improved soil atmospheric respiration, systemic acquired disease resistance, antioxidant hormone production, improved water infiltration, increased water and oxygen holding capacity, deeper and more extensive turf roots, mycorrhizal associations, reduced soil compaction, and improved turf density with consequent weed suppression.

The eight- percent nitrogen (N) in Nature's Turf 8-1-9 is derived from three different sources that all have different release rates. Most of the nitrogen is organic and feeds populations of bacteria that require high protein substrates to multiply. A small amount of the nitrogen in Nature's Turf 8-1-9 is derived from a soluble, natural mineral source that will provide N to plants even when the soil is cold and biological activity is naturally suppressed.

Phosphorus (P) is a nutrient that is very important to germinating seeds but established turf rarely needs much more than what is already in the soil. Unless a soil test indicates a need for phosphorus, excessive applications of P may only serve to increase the germination of annual weed seeds. The low amount of phosphorus in Nature's Turf 8-1-9 can significantly reduce the need for herbicides.

Potassium (or potash) is extremely important for plant strength and health. The plant's ability to defend against both insect and disease pests and its tolerance to heat, cold, drought, and wear depend on adequate absorption of potassium. Without sufficient potassium, cell walls become thin, weak, and less able to retain fluids. This condition makes plants easier prey for insect and disease organisms and less able to withstand traffic or survive through the winter. Potassium ions available to plant roots are magnetically attached to colloidal soil particles such as clay and humus. The abundance of these particles and their ability to hold positively charged ions (cations) makes up, what is known as, the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the soil. The higher the CEC, the more cations like potassium, magnesium, and calcium can be held by the soil. Unfortunately, the type of soil (sandy) in which turf, especially sports turf, is often growing has a low CEC and often cannot hold enough potassium ions necessary for adequate cell turgor. Nature's Turf 8-1-9 is designed to compensate for a low CEC and provide the extra potash needed to grow strong, resilient plants.

Nature's Turf 8-1-9 is manufactured in consistently sized granules that spread evenly and integrate easily into the turf canopy. We always recommend mowing with the bag off but it is especially important for the first 2-3 mowings after Nature's Turf 8-1-9 has been applied. Clippings can contribute up to two pounds of nitrogen, increase earthworm populations, decrease thatch, improve water infiltration, increase root mass, and suppress turf diseases.

Application rates vary from 3 to 12 pounds per 1000 ft2 depending on soil conditions and the preferences of the turf manager. If turf is growing on biologically inactive soil*, we would recommend greater application rates less frequently. Once biological activity is restored, lower rates can be used but should be applied more often. Nature's Turf 8-1-9 should be applied during periods of the season when grass normally grows vigorously. Fertilization during periods when grass is naturally dormant may fuel weed growth. Nature's Turf 8-1-9 can be applied as a dormant feeding in the late fall but fertilizers, in general, should not be applied after dormancy in areas prone to winter diseases. A late summer/early fall application can help soil organisms provide suppression of many winter disease organisms. Nature's Turf 8-1-9 should be applied when turf shows signs of infertility. Coverage: 4000 - 16,000 ft2 per 50-lb. bag. Product density: 43 lbs. per ft3.

*Biological activity can be measured with the Solvita Soil Life Test. This do-it-yourself kit measures respiration of soil organisms and is very useful in detecting invisible soil problems. In cases where soil biological activity is extremely low, ¼ inch topdress applications of mature compost in early spring and late fall are highly recommended. NOTE: Very immature compost can damage turf. Mature compost should not be generating heat or have objectionable odors. Yard waste compost may not offer as much disease suppression but can stimulate biological activity. University tests show that food waste, bio-solid, or barnyard compost, if made correctly and aged for at least two years can suppress many turf diseases.

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is a fine granular, designer fertilizer made specifically for golf course greens and tees. The objective of Nature's Turf 8-1-9 is to provide nutrients to turf plants in the most efficient manner possible, and the best way to accomplish that is to enliven and enrich the biological activity in the soil. More and more researchers, scientists, and superintendents are beginning to recognize the awesome value of a biologically active soil. Soil organisms are responsible for so many functions that directly benefit turf. Almost all of the nutrients utilized by plants-especially those obscure but essential elements that are not normally added to conventional fertilizer-are made available to plants by soil organisms. One of the most important and essential nutrients for all plants is carbon dioxide, which would not be available in ample quantities if it weren't for the work of soil organisms. All the proteins and carbohydrates manufactured by photosynthesis are built upon a base of carbon supplied by carbon dioxide. Saprophytic organisms in the soil produce carbon dioxide as they consume organic residues.

Many soil organisms are responsible, both directly and indirectly, for suppressing a large number of turfgrass diseases, not to mention phytopathogenic nematodes and some herbivorous insects. Many disease pathogens, in fact, exist as saprophytic organisms feeding on organic residues in the soil. It isn't until those residues are depleted that they become parasitic and cause plant disease. Maintaining resources for soil organisms is always in the best interest of the superintendent. Other benefits of a biologically active soil include soil aggregation, thatch reduction, more efficient release of available plant nutrients, improved soil atmospheric respiration, systemic acquired disease resistance, antioxidant hormone production, improved water infiltration, increased water and oxygen holding capacity, deeper and more extensive turf roots, mycorrhizal associations, reduced soil compaction, and improved turf density with consequent weed suppression.

Grasses grown on putting greens are stressed more than just about any other plant in a typical landscape. Because of the cutting height, traffic, and the soil environment in which these grasses are grown, the stress level is analogous to that of a tree growing in gravel with ninety percent of its limbs and foliage removed. The need for biological activity in the soil environment under greens and tees is extremely high. Numerous studies have shown that increases in populations of soil organisms not only protect bentgrass from disease and other pests but also produce denser, greener, and more trouble-free greens.

The eight-percent nitrogen (N) in Nature's Turf 8-1-9 is derived from three different sources that all have different release rates. Most of the nitrogen is organic and feeds populations of bacteria that require high protein substrates to multiply. A small amount of the nitrogen in Nature's Turf 8-1-9 is derived from a soluble, natural mineral source that will provide N to plants even when the soil is cold and biological activity is naturally suppressed.

Phosphorus (P) is a nutrient that is very important to germinating seeds but established turf rarely needs much more than what is already in the soil. Unless a soil test indicates a need for phosphorus, excessive applications of P may only serve to increase the germination of annual weed seeds. The low amount of phosphorus in Nature's Turf 8-1-9 can significantly reduce the need for herbicides on the greens.

Potassium (or potash) is extremely important for plant strength and health. The plant's ability to defend against both insect and disease pests and its tolerance to heat, cold, drought, and wear depend on adequate absorption of potassium. Without sufficient potassium, cell walls become thin, weak, and less able to retain fluids. This condition makes plants easier prey for insect and disease organisms and less able to withstand traffic or survive through the winter. Potassium ions available to plant roots are magnetically attached to colloidal soil particles such as clay and humus. The abundance of these particles and their ability to hold positively charged ions (cations) makes up, what is known as, the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the soil. The higher the CEC, the more cations like potassium, magnesium, and calcium can be held by the soil. Unfortunately, the type of soil in which greens are most often growing (sand) has an extremely low CEC and often cannot hold enough potassium ions necessary for adequate cell turgor. Nature's Turf 8-1-9 is designed to compensate for the low CEC normally found on golf course greens and provide the extra potash needed to grow strong, resilient plants.

Nature's Turf 8-1-9 (Greens Grade) is manufactured in consistently sized mini-granules that integrate into the turf canopy without disrupting putt-ability. We recommend that the first 2-3 mowings after applying Nature's Turf 8-1-9 Greens Grade be performed with the bag off. Application rates vary from 3 to 12 pounds per 1000 ft2 depending on soil conditions and the preferences of the superintendent. If greens are growing on biologically inactive soil*, we would recommend greater application rates less frequently. Once biological activity is restored, lower rates can be used but should be applied more often. Nature's Turf 8-1-9 should be applied during periods of the season when grass normally grows vigorously. Fertilization during periods when grass is normally dormant may fuel weed growth. Nature's Turf 8-1-9 can be applied as a dormant feeding in the late fall but not in areas prone to winter diseases. A late summer/early fall application can help soil organisms provide suppression of winter disease organisms. Nature's Turf 8-1-9 is best applied when turf shows signs of infertility. Coverage: 4000 - 16,000 ft2 per 50-lb. bag. Product Density: 44 lbs. per ft3.

*Biological activity can be measured with the Solvita Soil Life Test. This do-it-yourself kit measures respiration of soil organisms and is very useful in detecting invisible soil problems. In cases where soil biological activity is extremely low, topdress applications of a 50/50 mature compost/sand mix in early spring and late fall are highly recommended. NOTE: Immature compost can damage turf. Compost must be well-made and well aged (2 years or more) to provide good disease suppression. Yard waste compost will not offer as much disease suppression as food waste, bio-solid, or barnyard compost.  (Back to List)

is a liquid organic fertilizer recycled from the fresh fish by-product of one of New England’s largest fish processors. The manufacturer uses new technologies to hydrolyze fish protein into a stable liquid which is then milled and finely screened to .007 inch particles. This allows the product to flow easily through injectors, spray rigs and most irrigation equipment. Natural, high quality ingredients are added to balance the NPK analysis, while retaining the certified organic status of the product.
NOT A FISH EMULSION: Squanto’s Secret is a fish hydrolysate made with natural enzymes from the papaya fruit. The amino acids that are hydrolyzed from the fish can be used directly by plants and by a plenitude of beneficial soil organisms.
NO FOUL ODORS: Squanto’s Secret is made from fresh fish that has not had time to decompose, putting it in a different class from conventional fish emulsions that can have such an unpleasant smell. A natural citrus extract is added to further enhance its aroma so that customers can use this fertilizer indoors or out.
UNIVERSITY TESTED: Field trials done by the University of Massachusetts at Amherst show that Squanto’s Secret performs as well as or better than the leading chemical fertilizers.

QUALITY, NON-TOXIC INGREDIENTS: Squanto’s Secret is made from the freshest possible food grade whitefish. It is environmentally safe and benefits the subvisible ecosystem within the soil.
EASY TO USE: Squanto’s Secret mixes easily with water and does not clog sprayers, misters or any other type of applicating tool. NOTE: Once Squanto's Secret has been diluted it should be used as soon as possible. pH stabilization is neutralized once the product is diluted and strong odors can result if it is left standing.
COVERAGE: Use 1 pint to 1 gallon per 1000 ft2, depending on how often the material is applied.

Applications per year Amount of concentrate per application per 1000 ft2
1-2 1 gallon
3-4 ½ gallon
5-7 1 quart
8+ 1 pint
If the area to be fertilized cannot be calculated easily, use a mix ratio of 128:1 or 1 oz of concentrate per gallon of water.
To use in a greenhouse injection system, use the concentrate as-is and set the injector at 100:1. This will create a 200 ppm N, 400 ppm P2O5, and 200 ppm K2O solution. A lower injection ratio is not recommended without diluting the concentrate first. The manufacturer screens the product through an 80-mesh filter. Particle size range = 0.005 to 0.0075 inch. Remote injection is recommended. The injection setting or dilution of concentrate should be adjusted for plants that require more or less concentration of nutrients. NOTE: When Squanto’s Secret is diluted it is de-stabilized and fermentation will begin. Mix only the amount needed for immediate application. Any diluted material left in containers, pipes, drainage trays, etc. will create odors. Equipment should be thoroughly rinsed after each use. (Back Fertilizer List) (Back to Liquids list)

is North Country Organics' premium general-purpose fertilizer that excels in every application. Pro-Gro 5-3-4 Greens Grade is a high nutrient blend of natural ingredients that plants and trees respond to with rapid and sustained growth, making it the most popular blend of nurserymen, landscapers, fruit and vegetable growers, and farmers. Golf course superintendents have used Pro-Gro 5-3-4 Greens Grade on fairways for years and reported spectacular results but, because of its course consistency, it has been difficult to use on greens. Numerous requests for Pro-Gro 5-3-4 Greens Grade in a finer consistency have been received but, up until now, many of Pro-Gro's premium ingredients were not available in a finer grade.

We are proud to announce that we have finally found fine grades of all the ingredients necessary to produce Pro-Gro 5-3-4 Greens Grade and can now offer this special premium blend for use on golf course greens and tees.

Grasses grown on putting greens are stressed more than just about any other plant in a typical landscape. Because of the cutting height, traffic, and the environment in which these grasses are grown, the stress level is analogous to that of a tree growing in gravel with ninety percent of its limbs and foliage removed. The need for biological activity in the soil environment under greens and tees is extremely high. Numerous studies have shown that increases in populations of soil organisms protect bentgrass from disease and other pests resulting in denser, greener, and more trouble-free greens.

Pro-Gro 5-3-4 Greens Grade is designed to address both the needs of the plants and the needs of the soil providing nutrients that increase the health and vigor of plants and the populations of beneficial soil organisms. The ecosystem for bentgrass, like any other plant, includes the need for healthy soil with teeming masses of beneficial microbes. These organisms transform valuable soil nutrients into forms that plants can use. Any soil scientist will admit to the importance of soil organisms but maintenance of this crucial component of the plant growing system is largely overlooked.

Soil organisms protect plants too. Their activities are competitive, antagonistic, and often parasitic to harmful pathogens and other pests. Plants that are exposed to the level of stress to which bentgrass on golf course greens are exposed are extremely susceptible to pest problems. The more biological activity in the greens environment, the less likely that problems will occur. A bold statement, but empirically accurate.

Greenskeepers using Pro-Gro 5-3-4 Greens Grade will see the same spectacular results as our lawn maintenance customers have experienced for almost two decades with as little as two applications per year (depending on the length of the growing season). Applications of Pro-Gro 5-3-4 Greens Grade will build thick and invasive root systems and healthy soils that naturally crowd out many weeds and cultivate large populations of beneficial organisms that can decompose thatch and control many harmful pests. Using Pro-Gro 5-3-4 Greens Grade on a regular basis can mitigate the need for many pest controls that increase maintenance costs, increase liability exposure, compromise community relationships, and contribute to the stress level these grasses must endure--the very grasses you're trying to help.

The ingredients in Pro-Gro 5-3-4 Greens Grade are broken down by soil organisms slowly and provide long-lasting nutrients for turf. Soil organisms are active at the same time plants are active so there is little or no loss from leaching or surface runoff.

This product is blended from the following list of natural ingredients:

Rock phosphate, colloidal phosphate, oyster meal, kelpmeal, greensand, natural sulfate of potash, vegetable protein meals, natural nitrate of soda, compost, natural sulfate of potash/magnesia, animal protein meals, and dried whey.  (Back to List)

is an excellent natural source of phosphorus, calcium and many essential trace elements. It contains over 30 percent total phosphate (3-6 percent available) and 48 percent calcium (as CaO). Phosphate Rock is a high carbon rock phosphate that has approximately one fifth the neutralizing power of lime.

Rock phosphates are from deposits of apatite rock formed eons ago by sea life that left behind fossils and shells composed primarily of calcium phosphates. Over millions of years, the remains accumulated and were subjected to millions of tons of pressure, creating sedimentary rock deposits. One of the richest deposits of apatite rock in the world was discovered in the Southern United States. Most of the phosphates used in modern agriculture, science, and industry are refined from apatite rock.

Phosphate Rock is unique because of its consistency. Its 3 percent carbon content gives it a darker color, quite unlike its chalky white counterparts, white rock and colloidal rock phosphates. Its consistency is a semi-fine, dustless, very dense sand-like texture that flows well and can be used through any type of spreading equipment, including rotary type spreaders. Its density is approximately 90# per cubic foot.

Total phosphate content exceeds 30 percent. The companies that register Phosphate Rock with the various state departments of agriculture will only guarantee 3 percent as available phosphate (P₂O₅). However, some tests have indicated that more than 7 percent is actually available.

Phosphate Rock, like greensand, can mineralize the soil and improve the quality of crops and soil structure. However, its principal uses are to build phosphate fertility where levels are low and/or to increase rooting activity in transplants and sprouting seeds. Unlike acidulated phosphates, such as triple super phosphate, Phosphate Rock offers a small percentage of its total phosphate content as immediately available. Large quantities of available phosphate from acidulated phosphates tend to fix or bond to cation (positively charged ion) nutrients in the soil, rendering the phosphate itself unusable, and also locking up the cations. All this occurs before plants have a chance to use much of this very important phosphate. The slow release nature of rock phosphate allows plants good opportunity for access before fixation can occur. Additionally, fewer cation nutrients (such as calcium, magnesium, and potassium) can be bound up by free phosphate ions. Applications of Phosphate Rock can last 5 years or longer, depending on soil conditions.

Phosphate Rock is also often used in landscape and nursery applications to help plants adjust to the stress associated with transplanting. Phosphate Rock cannot burn roots like acidulated phosphate can, and liberal amounts can be applied directly to bare root stock. Phosphates trigger root branching which gives the plant greater access to more of the nutrients it needs.

Phosphate Rock is applied 1-2# (per plant) for tree or shrub transplants